NETWORKS

                                                    DIGITAL TRANSMISSION * Data transmission and data reception is the transfer and reception of data over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication channel. Examples of such channels are copper wires, optical fibers, wireless communication channels, storage media and computer buses.  * Digital transmission is employed in order to achieve high reliability and because the cost of digital switching systems is much lower than the cost of analog systems. *  For a computer to use the data, it must be in discrete digital form. Similar to data, signals can also be in analog and digital form. To transmit data digitally, it needs to be first converted to digital form.  * Digital Transmission is the transmission of signals that vary discretely with time betw...

 Discussion on: Bit Rate and Baud Rate, DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BIT RATE AND BAUD RATE Both Bit rate and Baud rate are used in data communication. Bit rate and Baud rate are related using this formula. Bit Rate = Baud rate x the number of bit per baud. It is "packing" 8 bits into each baud: 9600 bps = 1200 baud * 8 bits per baud  Bit rate is transmission of number of bits per second. It can be defined as per second travel number of bits. Baud rate is number of signal units per second. It can be defined as per second number of changes. Bit rate focusses on computer efficiency. Baud rate focusses on data transmission. Bit Rate = Baud rate x the number of bit per baud Baud Rate = Bit rate / the number of bit per baud The bit rate is expressed in the unit bit per second unit (symbol: bit/s), often in conjunction with an SI prefix such as kilo (1 kbit/s = 1,000 bit/s), mega (1 Mbit/s = 1,000 kbit/s), giga (1 Gbit/s = 1,000 Mbit/s) or tera (1 Tbit/s =...

 1> WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNET, INTRANET, WWW, AND NETWORK. 2> WHAT IS SOCKET? 3> WHAT ARE THE NETWORK CRITERIA? 4> BROADBAND, BROADCAST, BANDWIDTH        3> WHAT ARE THE NETWORK CRITERIA? => A good quality network must need a certain number of criteria, most important among them are-  i) Performance, ii) Reliability, iii) Security. i) Performance:  Performance can be measure in terms of transmit time and response time. Transmit time is the required time for a message to travel one device to another.  ii) Reliability:  The reliability is measured by the sequence of failure and the network robustness. iii) Security:  The security issue involves protecting the data from unauthorized access. * Response time is the total amount of time it takes to respond to a request for service. That service can be anything from a memory fetch, to a disk IO, to a complex database query, or loading a full web page. Ignoring ...

Discussion on, DIGITAL AND ANALOG DATA, FDM  COMPARE BETWEEN DIGITAL AND ANALOG DATA DIGITAL DATA ANALOG DATA Digital data refers to information which is discrete. Analog data refers to information which is continuous. Example: A digital clock that reports the hours and the minutes will change suddenly from 10:10 to 10:11. Example: An analog clock that has hour, minute, and second hands are continuous. Digital data take on discrete values. Data are stored in computer memory in the form of 0's and 1's. They can be converted to a digital signal or modulated into an analog signal for transmission across a medium. Analog data such as sound take on continuous values. When someone speaks, an analog wave is created in air. This can be captured by a microphone and converted to an analog signal and this analog signal is then converted to digital signal. end...   WHAT IS MODULATION ...

  Write the differences between star and bus topology of network? Star Topology Bus Topology In a star topology, Each device has a dedicated point-to-point connection to a central controller, called a hub. The devices are not directly linked to each other. In a bus topology, One long cable acts as a backbone to link all the devices in the network. The controller acts as an exchange. If one device wants to send data to another, it sends the data to the controller which then relays the data to the other connected device. In bus topology, nodes are connected to the bus cable by drop lines and taps. The drop line is a connection running between the device and the main cable. A tap is a connector. In bus topology, signal always travelling along backbone, so some energy transfer into heat, so there should be limited number of nodes in bu...