FAQ

 1> WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNET, INTRANET, WWW, AND NETWORK.

2> WHAT IS SOCKET?

3> WHAT ARE THE NETWORK CRITERIA?

4> BROADBAND, BROADCAST, BANDWIDTH 

 

 

 

3> WHAT ARE THE NETWORK CRITERIA?

=> A good quality network must need a certain number of criteria, most important among them are-

 i) Performance, ii) Reliability, iii) Security.

i) Performance: 

Performance can be measure in terms of transmit time and response time.

Transmit time is the required time for a message to travel one device to another. 

ii) Reliability: 

The reliability is measured by the sequence of failure and the network robustness.

iii) Security: 

The security issue involves protecting the data from unauthorized access.

* Response time is the total amount of time it takes to respond to a request for service. That service can be anything from a memory fetch, to a disk IO, to a complex database query, or loading a full web page. Ignoring transmission time for a moment, the response time is the sum of the service time and wait time. The service time is the time it takes to do the work you requested. For a given request the service time varies little as the workload increases – to do X amount of work it always takes X amount of time. The wait time is how long the request had to wait in a queue before being serviced and it varies from zero, when no waiting is required, to a large multiple of the service time, as many requests are already in the queue and have to be serviced first. 

 

 

 In this tutorial, You can learn MAC Address, Hub, Router, Repeater, Amplifier, Gateway, Internet, Network, Topology, Data flow diagram, Categories of Network(LAN, MAN, WAN), Analog and digital, firewall, Physical Network layer, Modem, Peak Amplitude, Frequency, Phase, and Wave length.

NETWORKING NOTE

MAC ADDRESS :  

MAC stands for MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL(mobile).

It is also known as Physical address(Laptop/PC), Hardware Address, BIA stands for Burned in Address (Cisco Router switch).

In Networking there are only two kinds of addresses, one is Physical Address and another one is Logical Address.

Example: Physical Address is like a person's name whereas Logical Address is like a person's Home address (city, state, pin code etc).

MAC Address is globally Unique.

A network interface card (NIC) is a hardware component without which a computer cannot be connected over a network. It is a circuit board installed in a computer that provides a dedicated network connection to the computer. It is also called network interface controller, network adapter or LAN adapter.

Computer/Laptop MAC addresses can be changed by changing NIC. 

It is possible to change MAC address of a Computer or Laptop.

In order to connect with Internet, use either Ethernet cable in your device or Wi-fi or Bluetooth or USB Connection.

So, A Computer or Laptop must have Network Interface Card to access Internet. As much NICs are connected in the computer or laptop, that much MAC addresses that computer / laptop have. 

It consists of a 48-bit address (6 bytes). There are total 12 hexa-decimal characters.

MAC address is divided into two parts i.e. 24bits used as Organizationally Unique Identifier(OUI) and next 24bits used as Network Interface Controller(NIC) Specific.

MAC address is represented in Hexa-Decimal format. Here's an example of a MAC address for an Ethernet NIC: 00:0a:95:9d:68:16. The MAC address is a string of usually six sets of two-digits or characters, separated by colons. This representation can be changed, it depends.

IANA : The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

For the billions of devices and many thousands of networks that make up the Internet to connect with each other, they must agree upon a variety of standards, protocols, and associated protocol parameters (values or identifiers) which support that communication.

IANA is an administrative function of the Internet that keeps track of IP addresses, domain names, and protocol parameter identifiers that are used by Internet standards. 

IANA provides unique OUI for every company.

Switch is having unique MAC address. Incase of Router, it is having MAC address of each interface.

Broadcast MAC address is FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF. Broadcast MAC address is a MAC address consisting of all binary 1s. Broadcast is "one to all" type of communication. In other words; "send once receive all".

 

http://cactus.io/tutorials/ethernet/what-is-a-mac-address

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sl2rzXodeRo&t=175s 

https://www.jigsawacademy.com/blogs/cyber-security/mac-spoofing-attack/