NETWORKS

   DISCUSSION ON: Addressing: IP addressing, Subnetting, NAT, Routing: techniques, static vs. dynamic routing, Unicast Routing Protocols: RIP, OSPF, BGP; Other Protocols: ARP, RARP, IP, ICMP, IPv6; VPN.      First Address of Address Block The first address in the block can be found by setting the rightmost 32 − n bits to 0s. EXAMPLE A block of addresses is granted to a small organization. We know that one of the addresses is 205.16.37.39/28. What is the first address in the block? The binary representation of the given address is 11001101 00010000 00100101 00100111 If we set 32−28 rightmost bits to 0, we get 11001101 00010000 00100101 0010000 or 205.16.37.32. Last Address of Address Block The last address in the block can be found by setting the rightmost 32 − n bits to 1s.   EXAMPLE A block of addresses is granted to a small organization. We know that one of the addresses is 205.16.37.39/28. What is the last address in the block? The binary representation ...

 PRESENTATION DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM  Each domain name has a corresponding IP address  When the user types the domain name in the address bar, the corresponding IP address is supplied. Such a translation is possible with the help of system called DNS (DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM)  DEFINITION: “DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM is a collection of the databases that contain information about domain names and their corresponding IP address.”    PURPOSE OF NAMING Addresses are used to locate objects  Names are easier to remember than numbers  You would like to get to the address or other objects using a name  DNS provides a mapping from names to resources of several types    DOMAIN NAME  Domain name is a way to identify and locate computers connected to internet  No two organizations can have same domain name  A domain name always consists of two or more components separated by periods called dots (.) EXAMPLE: www.yahoo.co.in, www.facebook.com etc....

 DISCUSSION ON X.25, ISDN services & ATM, SONET, Frame Relay, DSL technology, Cable Modem: Architecture & Operation in brief, Introduction to Blue-tooth, RFID technology

DISCUSSION ON: Introduction to DNS, SMTP, FTP, HTTP & WWW, Security: Cryptography (Public, Private Key based),Firewalls.

 DISCUSSION ON: Process to Process delivery; UDP, TCP; Congestion Control: Open Loop, Closed Loop, Quality of service, techniques to improve QoS.

 DISCUSSION ON: Framing (character and bit stuffing), Types of errors, error detection & correction methods; Flow control; Protocols: Stop & Wait ARQ, Go-Back- N ARQ, Selective Repeat ARQ, HDLC, PPP, Media Access Sub Layer: Pure ALOHA, Slotted ALOHA, CSMA, CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA, Token Ring; Reservation, Polling, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, Ethernet.

 DISCUSSION ON: Overview of analog and digital data and signal, Transmission media (guided & unguided), Circuit switching: time division & space division switch.